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| Terrestrial biological carbon cycle ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Terrestrial biological carbon cycle
Carbon is an essential part of life on Earth. About half the dry weight of most living organisms is carbon. It plays an important role in the structure, biochemistry, and nutrition of all living cells. Living biomass holds between 600 and 1,000 gigatons of carbon, most of which is wood, while some 1,200 gigatons of carbon are stored in the terrestrial biosphere as dead biomass.
Carbon is cycled through the terrestrial biosphere with varying speeds, depending on what form it is stored in and under which circumstances.〔 It is exchanged most quickly with the atmosphere, although small amounts of carbon leave the terrestrial biosphere and enter the oceans as dissolved organic carbon (DOC).
==Movement of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere==
Most carbon in the terrestrial biosphere is stored in forests: they hold 86% of the planet's terrestrial above-ground carbon and forest soils also hold 73% of the planet's soil carbon.〔Sedjo, Roger.1993. The Carbon Cycle and Global Forest Ecosystem. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 70, 295–307. (via (Wild Report on Forests, Carbon, and Global Warming ))〕 Carbon stored inside plants can be transferred into other organisms during plant consumption. When animals eat plants, for example, the organic carbon stored in the plants is converted into other forms and utilized inside the animals. The same is true for bacteria and other heterotrophs. Dead plant material in or above soils remains there for some time before being respired by heterotrophs. Thus carbon is transferred in every step of the food chain from one organism to another.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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